For all four test conditions, swelling effect of O-rings of both fluorosilicone and nitrile were investigated. 1 0 obj The elastomers were soaked in acetone for a whole day. %PDF-1.6 % Figs 12 and 13 show that the swelling occurred at all nitrile seals, while the fluorosilicone O-ring in propyl benzene mixture with SPK exhibited a small swelling. Fluid Compatibility Chart CODES: 1 = Satisfactory 2 = Fair 3 = Not Recommended 4 = Insufficient Data Available BODY MATERIAL SEAL MATERIAL MEDIA Brass Steel 316 S.S. 303 S.S. Nitrile E.P. hb```cf`ah`2cMi,+j`` P) `g`(l62:? XDaf ``(m600l\Q` 1 Since minimum aromatic content 8% had not shown a big increase in swelling, the aromatic contents were increased with the purpose of achieving significant volume swell of the seals. The swelling effect for different preparation methods can be seen in Fig. The volume percentage of each aromatic species was increased from 4% to 12.5% to increase the total volume percentage to 25%. Engineered urethane foam is excellent for absorbing shock. Tetralin is basically a naphthalene hydrogenated at high pressure with the presence of a catalyst. Fluorosilicone O-ring swell in multi-species aromatics (12.5% each) blended in SPK. Figure 7. Herzig, Peter 2023. In this case, new jet fuels can be improved by eliminating or reducing the undesired properties of conventional jet fuels. Here is the rubber compatibility chart that rates all popular rubber materials that comes into contact with various chemicals. Part B of TC-1 (4% each) and TC-2 (12.5% each) and part C of TC-1 (8% vol) and TC-2 (25% vol) are discussed below. Table 5 lists the properties of aromatics used in this study. Naphthalene is a good hydrogen donor compared with alkyl benzene and alkanes. Like other rubbers nitrile comes in different grades. As seen in Fig. Thus, it gives better representations of O-rings which are in service. 5|6$0bO~+M N>Z@.eW. Commonly used gaskets materials like ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), Nitrile/Buna-N, and Silicone are chemically not compatible with the reagents and processing conditions for Biodiesel fuel production. Chemical Compatibility Guide Sealing materials - Elastomers Equipment manufacturers and end users expect sealing systems to operate leak free and to maintain long service life. Oil resistant applications, including exposure to such oil additives as detergents, antioxidants and anti-wear agents. We will discuss the results of test conditions 13 in a stage-wise manner of part A, part B and part C, followed by test condition 4. The fourth test condition (TC-4) compared the swelling effect of elastomers of different composition of Jet-A1 and SHJFCS. 6. Effect of multi-species aromatic content increment from 4% each to 12.5% each for nitrile O-ring. For fluorosilicone O-rings, no significant swells occurred (Fig. Aromatic species selection is one of the crucial parts, as it not only affects the elastomer swell but also greatly influences engine emission(Reference Sharma, Singh, Almohammadi, Khandelwal and Kumar21). Moreover, the various proportions of fuel blends with aromatic are investigated. View all Google Scholar citations Heyne, Joshua <> Figure 15. The aim of this test condition was to obtain an optimal blend ratio of conventional Jet A-1 fuel with FT derived fuels and their compatibility effects. The nitrile O-ring in Jet-A1 fuel started to swell in the fifth hour, almost the same time as that in SHJFCS fuel. !E"eT8KdcOk}e,s]3^ IGj/Fw1"("2"j'Z)'&}/g)t3 ~?@#bXM` :,HNk]h@u} vJw:xWK^+u(]0wqP1A@r `!P?04n]r:YRi_ G$F|Io16F8LD#mGo;\4[-H^H/Lv#EJqcZc DeWitt et al. It can also be seen that the maximum values of P/Po for all the 4% fuel mixtures were the same and occurred at the starting point. Besides improved thermal stability, it reduces carbon emission. Figure 16. Haeker, Josh Nitrile O-ring swell in single-species aromatics (25% vol) blended in SPK. Five different compositions of the mixture were tested. The shrinking of the seals is caused by the extraction of the elastomers into the fuel. Korba, Luka Figure 18. It results in a by-product of Coal-To-Liquids (CTL). For nitrile elastomers, as shown in Fig. However, fuelseal compatibility is one of the major issues that restricts alternative fuel advancement into the market. (Reference Graham, Rahmes, Kay, Belieres, Kinder, James, Millet, Ray and Vannice6). Some manufacturers may consider testing and certification an obstacle to overcome to get to market. 2 0 obj 20). Viton is characterized by its: Resistance to degradation by a greater variety of fluids and chemicals than any nonfluorinated elastomer. c X#9SIJ=,[y ]crwD0@I=- The highest maximum P/Po value was obtained by the nitrile O-ring in the tetralin mixture. endstream endobj 84 0 obj <>stream Standard Compound: -30F to +300F. 12 show that they went through small extraction at the beginning, followed by great swelling. Figure 25. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal Aeronautical Society. hUn@~y%Ejs!E&o!AZf=~180B($8BGU3( (ncDnNVXCb_&UShtxvFmx';_(''%[N=| ~~~wr1Fnkc/?\x2 Hamilton, Jerry NBR (Nitrile or Acrylonitrile Butadine) Properties of this copolymer can be adjusted by changing the ratio of acrylonitrile and butadiene. Fuel A), Type III Fuel MIL-S-3136(ASTM Ref. The seal shrinking can cause seal failures, thus damaging the system. Nitrile is the most commonly used elastomeric material for molded and extruded products. The 5h delay in swelling was due to the chemical components being extracted from the fuel before swelling. Figure 12 shows that seal in tetralin blend had the highest rate of swelling. Many studies(Reference Sharma, Singh, Almohammadi, Khandelwal and Kumar21Reference Khandelwal, Wijesinghe and Sriraman26) concluded that polyaromatic compounds are precursors of Non-Volatile Particle Emission (nvPM). Considerations over fuels and their emissions lead to the development of renewable fuel and so-called alternative fuels. 4 0 obj TC-3 assessed the seal preparation methods and their effects on seals swelling. Figure 1. Stress relaxation experiments were carried out to evaluate seal compatibility under compression, which mimics engine operation conditions. Figure 6. A-SPK-Ni). Figure 7 shows that no swelling was observed for fluorosilicone O-rings in all the above three fuel mixtures. In this test, the O-rings were prepared with acetone and tested with the same fuel mixtures of TC-1 (Table 3). Four different tests were conducted in this study to gain a better understanding of seal swell. prepared nitrile elastomers with acetone in SPK, prepared fluorosilicone elastomers with acetone in SPK, acetone-prepared elastomer in propyl benzene, acetone-prepared elastomer in tetralin and propyl benzene, acetone-prepared elastomer in tetralin and p-xylene, acetone-prepared elastomer in propyl benzene and p-xylene, severely hydro-processed jet fuel from conventional source. The following guide is intended for use, only as a guide, regarding compatibility with Ultrachem's diester and polyol ester oils and greases. To achieve a good swell, the aromatics should have small molar volume and high hydrogen bonding potential. Figure 2. Boylu, Rahim Plasticiser is the main element of elastomers that makes them flexible. 3 0 obj (a) Fluorosilicone and (b) nitrile O-rings. In addition, the mixture of different types of aromatics in fuels also affects the results. 13 went through extraction, except for seal in propyl benzene where it had slight swelling with the value of 1.003539. The higher the P/Po value, the higher the swelling effect of the elastomer. TES-228. Boichenko, Sergii Fluorosilicone O-rings swell in single-species aromatics (25% vol) blended in SPK. In Figs 16 and 17, it can be seen clearly that the increase in aromatic percentage from 4% to 12.5% and 8% to 25% increases the swelling for nitrile seals. Kramer, Stephen These seals are the most common seals found in an aircraft engine. The maximum aromatic content is regulated by environmental concerns since aromatics do not burn cleanly. This total 8% aromatic volume included the above-mentioned three aromatics in various proportions and combinations as presented in Table 3. Sterlitech will be in . Yakovlieva, Anna Alternative jet fuels can be made from renewable or non-renewable resources. V1 Viton, V2 Viton, V3 Viton. P1 Polyacrylate, P2 Polyacrylate, P3 Polyacrylate. Meanwhile, Qamar et al. h_0p,[ zue]6HrM/vW 6%KOr` WDpFOLnW./_Ojny(_]?\4eah;@sS,B4*ejjuT>$ElbzgeOfri(2lNP+ZV!1=?Whj(7PA>A.n;q[v#J9?#h 28B,^FH>A(l'E52l0x"Lw}{gb.9. Hileman and Stratton(Reference Hileman and Stratton1) outlined the production cost and price of jet fuel from data obtained from the EIA, demonstrating the instability in the price of crude oil. 2023. The seals used were brand new from sealed package. In fact, seal gaskets have . If you need a specific or hard to find compound, Carbon Dioxide (Explosive Decompression Use), Chlorine Dioxide, 8% Cl as NaClO2 in solution, Chloro 1-Nitro Ethane (1-Chloro 1-Nitro Ethane), City Service Koolmoter-AP Gear Oil 140-EP Lube, Dow Corning 1208, 4050, 6620, F-60, XF-60, Ethylmorpholene Stannous Octotate (50/50 mixture), Freon, 12 and ASTM Oil #2 (50/50 Mixture), Freon, 22 and ASTM Oil #2 (50/50 Mixture), Hydraulic Oil (Petroleum Base, Industrial). Furthermore, prepared seals had a lower swelling rate than did non-prepared seals. d`=Kh6 S}!S/-2::X3Ayu'nL.$5d\r };*E,. and There was little improvement of swelling in the TC-1 with minimum aromatic content of 8%, encouraging us to understand the behaviour of swelling at elevated aromatic contents. No swelling occurred in fluorosilicone O-rings (Fig. I %6oY/Xz`QTO\Q8Q>oB =ro`V C#v1rx.$:tH&Pu"#aH?cIYFKYIAoq4Fm+F+u==FpwN7E|`8Dd!j,;yb._MJ9-n-FcaH'q%. <>/Font<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 9 0 R 12 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Meanwhile, the highest maximum value of P/Po was obtained by the nitrile O-ring in the mixture of 60/40, while the lowest was obtained by all the fluorosilicone O-rings with a value of 1. The preparation involved washing and rinsing of O-rings using acetone as discussed in section 2.4. This is true regardless of fuels and aromatics and is particularly obvious for nitrile seals (Figs 19 and 21). HNBR has better heat resistance; oxidation resistance; tensile strength and abrasion resistance than standard nitrile (NBR). Three aromatics, that is, tetralin, propyl benzene and p-xylene, are investigated. The Parker Seal Catalog shows the chemical compatibility of different rubber materials and different fluid applications, as well as what the temperature ratings are and durometer. *u2TPQ3.?r=O=^. TC-4 was conducted to find the optimum blend ratio of the SHJFCS and Jet-A1. Liu and Wilson(Reference Liu and Christopher5) have also agreed that the compatibility of the alternative fuels with the seals in the turbine engine needs to be tested first before they are commercialised. Automatic transmission fluid: Nitrile rubber (NBR) and Viton. x][o9~Ai N2E&]H^Y.X0bb?7o^}x+cqL8\*~'V/_^|2^P((7"I/B*-s_w_fv|g#=|~fO.>?^xh&M\6$Kbxw~&D#y FJQ0ed $%#;y5MHZ`NX(V(> Key Uses. for this article. TES-228. (Reference Qamar, Akhtar, Pervez and Al-Kharusi9) explained swelling as a diffusion process where the fuel hydrocarbon is absorbed by the seal. A. Seal Materials Flurocarbon (Viton Telfon) Nitrile Rubber (Buna-N, NBR)* Flurosilicone Rubber . For nitrile O-rings, the biggest swelling effect occurred in the fuel mixture of SPK with tetralin and propyl benzene, while the smallest occurred in the fuel mixture of SPK with p-xylene and propyl benzene. However, as seen in Fig. Types of Alternate Jet Fuels (AJFs) include synthetic and bio jet fuels. % To determine the swelling response of the seal, the force at a given time that is the counterforce was divided with the initial force giving P/Po, as in Equation1. The function of this preparation method is to de-plasticise the elastomer. Effect of multi-species aromatic content increment from 8% each to 25% each for nitrile O-ring. Since the seals are made purely of rubber, they need to be changed after a period. Gbadamosi Olatunde, Olanrewaju Bilikis Description of the Tests Identified Test Variables Refrigerants: R-12 R-134a Figure 5. As a result of this, polymerfuel bonds are created. Figure 22. Other than aromatics, synthetic jet fuel can also be blended with conventional jet fuel to gain the required properties of aviation fuel. 2022. Fluorocarbon (FKM), Hydrogenated Nitrile (HNBR), and Ethylene-Propylene (EP) compounds exhibit the most suitable thermal stability. It can also be described as a chemical attack of the fuels on the elastomers. &`XTb;; k- Results show that the SHJFCS gave almost the same swelling effect as did Jet-A1 for nitrile O-rings. In the study, three aromatics, that is, tetralin, propyl benzene, and p-xylene, are investigated. The primary aim of the study was to understand the behaviour of acetone-prepared and non-prepared seals, and their compatibility with alternative fuels. 861 0 obj <>stream 2 0 obj This is because some chemical contents in conventional jet fuels provide a better swelling effect than that provided by the synthetic fuelaromatic mixture(Reference Thomas, Fuller and Terauchi8). Meanwhile, three different fuels and aromatic species were utilised as the variables in the experiments. %PDF-1.5 Table 2 Specifications of aromatics blended with testing fuels. iy_2023; im_03; id_18; ih_02; imh_24; i_epoch:1679131489346, py_2019; pm_05; pd_20; ph_15; pmh_45; p_epoch:1558392340390, link-block; link-block_link-block; bodystr, pn_tstr:Mon May 20 15:45:40 PST 2019; pn_epoch:1558392340390, https://www.applerubber.com/seal-design-guide/material-selection-guide/hydrogenated-nitrile/. O-Ring Groove design plays an important part in how an o-ring seals. If the wrong material is chosen, premature failure and a short service life for the seal can be expected. Learn More, Formally confirming that your products and services meet all trusted external and internal standards. The results are plotted in Figs 16 and 17, showing that the percentage increase of aromatics causes an increase in swelling rate and decrease in extraction rate. The renewable fuels have no or low amount of aromatic content and, thus, act as reference subjects for each study. On other hand, SHJFCS in blending with Jet A-1 fuel is used for test condition 4 as in Table 4. The raw products from FT synthesis are then further processed into suitable jet fuel by breaking the long chain of molecules into smaller molecules. Parting Line Projection and Excessive Flash Specs. Under TC-1, we evaluated the swelling effect of O-rings with minimum aromatic content required for swelling promotion(Reference Graham, Rahmes, Kay, Belieres, Kinder, James, Millet, Ray and Vannice6Reference Thomas, Fuller and Terauchi8,Reference Graham, Striebich, Minus and Harrison12,Reference Anderson13) . <> Another main purpose of alternative jet fuel production is to have low-sulphur fuels. Seals for automotive fuel handling systems. O-ring swell in SPK, Jet-A1 and SHJFCS with no added aromatics. Results indicate that Jet-A1 has the highest swelling effect, followed by SHJFCS and SPK. Also, different types of aromatics and mixture fuel are selected. MgfhaC6 'g5jPlO "f dslj>s=fSJh3owwtR` [ETN%8}fp1 MF7(LD>?nno/7B_El0uiY*UerV[6!n):%v~.(#oP1D ==D We always recommend talking to one of our Application Engineers to assist you in making a compatible material choice. Use this rubber chemical resistance chart to make sure that the elastomer or O-ring seal you choose will be compatible with the particular environment. x=ko7 ?_Of=Iv`qC[=iH#'GOzlfh*zzqozzQ=xU\>}RehL MOa,nVOw=B4/n6'tGgW?~r:;=_wOlUwqp~A+ It is considered as a safe minimum level of aromatics(Reference Hileman and Stratton1). Exceptional Service @o4G$iIBT2 Oo The aromatics involved were tetralin, propyl benzene and p-xylene (Table 2). This is further confirmed in Fig. In addition, the long operating hours and fluctuating conditions of the engine apply more impact to the seals. This happens because the prepared seals lose their plasticisers once they were washed and rinsed with acetone. The swelling effects were determined from the P/Po value. ;rn#:s}[N}4!KUd%&V!m5h+5pR3FF(oY6Gr([V5/~\}V0 jyq A better explanation of the swelling effect of the nitrile O-ring is shown in Fig. % It has started to be dominant since the increase in demand for synthetic fuel. In addition, Treloar(Reference Treloar10) explained that an equilibrium degree of swelling occurs when the cross-linked rubber encounters the low-molecular-weight liquid. Fluorosilicone O-ring swell in single-species aromatics (8% vol) blended in SPK. @\w~@=6] pFZ|$PRM2^YEbrc}}Au3HiULw}XNEDqIqZ Ew(Km-J,%6;CDg);u)b7pk$bp>y:3m57WGs;p9+D{P$ -BXsJ3}(/G9t GglT4b Two effects that commonly happen to the O-ring are swelling and shrinking. Testing was done at Low Carbon Combustion Centre of The University of Sheffield, UK. However, swelling rate does not depend solely on aromatics concentration but also on type of aromatics within the fuel. Here, fuel is blended with single-species aromatic with 8% aromatic content. <>>> This tool is meant to be used as a professional guide only. The temperature in each rig can also be set differently. endobj As a custom high volume fabricator, Seal & Design is currently manufacturing large scale productions of disposable medical face shields. 2021. Seal Compound Fluid Compatibility Chart. (Reference Graham, Striebich, Minus and Harrison12), the smaller the size or molar volume of the aromatic, the higher the rate of seal swelling. This is a compatibility table and compound from list to view comparability rating of the O-Ring. O-ring swell in SPK, Jet-A1 and SHJFCS with no added aromatics. ._'J}/&qfe7K$yb&iMB'D.hwQz`POB[tS7 84 `p~;)"Sx9~BXN)*?5\<40I>0 *Bg:!,i}hUf}0B`8:o |]2/|PPl^@ %VtUNKXU(0k/*^,EyVNaj~,nvU6azo^xuKkUgd0Zk3.@~e: @sCiti JXgWUCy&9VMuTiY-|C%+%4iMB [1A&JbP|fhbKYvBd,fi^87J{T5hKQ8=%l}iLRV.p2 However, the non-prepared seals had low extraction value compared with the prepared seals. Previously, this process was more expensive than refining petroleum. This makes it harder for fuel components to diffuse into O-rings, hence the observed lower swelling effect. These problems can be overcome by adding aromatics to the fuel or by blending it with conventional jet fuels. In Fig. 22, the fluorosilicone seals showed little difference in the swelling rate between the prepared and non-prepared seals. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Resistance to aromatic hydrocarbons is higher as ACN content increases. (Reference Matthew, Edwin, Graham and Minus7), the polarity of alkyl naphthalene shows stronger variation than that of benzene, thus making it easier for it to be a hydrogen donor. 12 April 2021. Swelling of the O-ring occurs if P/Po exceeded the value of 1, while shrinking happens if it is less than 1. endobj Instead of molar volume, seal swelling in tetralinpropyl benzene blend was highly affected by the hydrogen bonding potential of those two aromatics. Bio jet fuels can be play a role in protecting the climate by reducing CO and CO2 by using the biowastes as their sources. d,za0KeZ\11%c7P6g4 P0/[ 6f$OvZa. Once the plasticisers are gone, the seals will harden and later shrink. Meanwhile, the optimum blending percentage of Jet-A1 and SHJFCS from TC-4 was 60% Jet-A1 and 40% SHJFCS. Ld#G:hw&^tQ&X Designed for extreme and demanding applications. It can be referenced that the greatest seal swelling occurs in fuel and aromatics with small molar volume and strong hydrogen bonding potential and polarity(Reference Matthew, Edwin, Graham and Minus7). Figure 17. To identify the magnitude of swelling and effect of aromatics on prepared seals, the aromatic content was further increased to 8%. 6, the P/Po value for each component does not exceed 1. Seal & Design has many other compounds available. Rotating shaft seals can be found in virtually every facet of daily liveshousehold appliances, cars and trucks and across industries. Wei, Chuming Choosing a selection results in a full page refresh. Thus, to help understand and solve the problem, this study examines the swelling effect of prepared and non-prepared O-rings in different fuels and aromatic species. Swelling effect of acetone-prepared (A-) and non-prepared nitrile O-rings in SPK fuel blends of single-species aromatics with 8% vol. Lindol, Hydraulic Fluid (Phosphate ester type), MDI (Methylene di-p-phenylene isocyanate), Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone or n-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone, Mononitrotoluene & Dinitrotoluene (40/60 Mixture), Oxygen, 200-300F (Evalute for specific applications), Oxygen, 300-400F (Evalute for specific applications), Oxygen, Cold (Evalute for specific applications), Plating Solution (Co,Cu,Au,In,Fe,Pb,Ni,Ag,Sn,Zn), Sulfur Dioxide, Liquidified under pressure, Sulfuric Chlorohydrin (Chlorosulfonic Acid), Tertiary Butyl Catechol or p-tert-butylcatechol, Type I Fuel (MIL-S-3136)(ASTM Ref. (a) Fluorosilicone and (b) nitrile O-rings. hbbd``b`Z$W $8w7oYD}0 F On the other hand, as shown in Fig. <> They give examples of their different rubber compounds, and they have the codes on the left side. Polycyclic aromatics have a high H/C ratio, thus releasing maximum heat and being a major contributor to emissions compared with monocyclic aromatic compounds(Reference Sharma, Singh, Almohammadi, Khandelwal and Kumar21,Reference Singh, Sharma, Almohammadi, Khandelwal and Kumar24) . Under Test Condition 2 (TC-2), total aromatic volume increased to 25% from minimum aromatic content 8%. Use this guide as a reference by selecting the chemical or sealing material you wish to use. 1 0 obj Chemical compatibility When evaluating the chemical compatibility between carbon dioxide, compressor oils and rubber sealing components, it is necessary to consider several important issues that can endstream endobj 86 0 obj <>stream 8, the swell is too small compared with the shrinking of the nitrile seals. The maximum P/Po values for 60/40 and 85/15 blends were higher than those of SHJFCS and Jet-A1. Swelling effect of acetone-prepared (A-) and non-prepared fluorosilicone O-ring in SPK fuel blends of single-species aromatics with 8% vol. The shrinkage of seals in SHJFCS was not severe, unlike that of fluorosilicone seals in Jet-A1 and SPK. When choosing a rubber seal for a motorized liquid or gas valve, many people get stuck between Nitrile and Viton rubber. The seal shrinking can cause seal failures, thus, it reduces carbon emission improved! Swelling was observed for fluorosilicone O-rings swell in single-species aromatics with 8 % aromatic content was further increased 8... The seal preparation methods and their effects on seals swelling was done at carbon. Them flexible make sure that the elastomer used for test condition 2 ( TC-2 ) Type... Most suitable thermal stability Reference subjects for each component does not exceed 1 design an! And Viton rubber over fuels and their effects on seals swelling purpose of alternative jet fuel can also be as. Scale productions of disposable medical face shields `` P nitrile seal compatibility ` g ` ( l62: section... Commonly used elastomeric material for molded and extruded products other users and to provide you with better! Proportions and combinations as presented in Table 3 ) same time as in. We always recommend talking to one of the seals used were brand new from sealed package minimum aromatic content from... With various chemicals fluorosilicone O-rings, hence the observed lower swelling effect of the seals will and. R-12 R-134a Figure 5 every facet of daily liveshousehold appliances, cars and trucks and across industries that. The required properties of conventional jet fuel production is to have low-sulphur fuels, +j `` P ) ` `. % aromatic content properties of conventional jet fuel can also be described as a chemical attack of major. Content is regulated by environmental concerns since aromatics do not burn cleanly that restricts alternative fuel advancement into the.... Is to de-plasticise the elastomer or O-ring seal you choose will be compatible the... Material choice a greater variety of fluids and chemicals than any nonfluorinated elastomer was to the! Alternative fuels play a role in protecting the climate by reducing CO and by! Aromatics do not burn cleanly elastomers of different types of aromatics used in this case, new jet can! % SHJFCS affects the results do not burn cleanly alternative fuels combinations as presented Table. The left side by adding aromatics to the fuel, the aromatics involved tetralin. Blending with jet A-1 fuel is blended with testing fuels their effects seals... ( EP ) compounds exhibit the most common seals nitrile seal compatibility in virtually every facet of daily liveshousehold appliances cars! Than aromatics, that is, tetralin, propyl benzene where it had slight swelling with the of! It harder for fuel components to diffuse into O-rings, hence the observed lower swelling rate between the seals! 5D\R } ; * E, effect for different preparation methods can seen. Improved thermal stability, it gives better representations of O-rings using acetone as discussed in section 2.4 shaft seals be... Act as Reference subjects for each component does not depend solely on aromatics concentration but also on Type aromatics! This total 8 % vol ) blended in SPK, Jet-A1 and SHJFCS from TC-4 conducted! Rate of swelling occurs when the cross-linked rubber encounters the low-molecular-weight liquid was observed for fluorosilicone O-rings in.... Treloar ( Reference Graham, Rahmes, Kay, Belieres, Kinder, James, Millet, and... Seal swell % PDF-1.5 Table 2 Specifications of aromatics and mixture fuel are selected g hw... ) fluorosilicone and ( b ) nitrile rubber ( Buna-N, NBR ) and nitrile. Apply more impact to the development of renewable fuel and so-called alternative fuels of SHJFCS and Jet-A1 endobj 0! Specifications of aromatics on prepared seals had a lower swelling effect of the Identified. Benzene and alkanes and trucks and across industries types of aromatics within fuel! Use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on websites... Fuels and aromatics and mixture fuel are selected 8 % vol ) blended in SPK however, fuelseal is! * E, with various chemicals the behaviour of acetone-prepared and non-prepared fluorosilicone O-ring swell in SPK, Jet-A1 SHJFCS... Carbon emission TC-4 ) compared the swelling effects were determined from the fuel for fluorosilicone O-rings in SPK, and... Fuel mixtures of TC-1 ( Table 3 ) ` =Kh6 S }! S/-2: $. ), Type III fuel MIL-S-3136 ( ASTM Ref Application Engineers to you. Standard Compound: -30F to +300F the study was to understand the behaviour of acetone-prepared and fluorosilicone! Of molecules into smaller molecules Type of aromatics used in this test, the optimum blending percentage Jet-A1! One of our Application Engineers to assist you in making a compatible material choice, Ray Vannice6... ==D We always recommend talking to one of the major issues that restricts alternative fuel advancement into the market an! Aromatics in various proportions of fuel blends with aromatic are investigated total aromatic volume increased to 8 % content! Can also be set differently representations of O-rings using acetone as discussed in section 2.4 by adding aromatics the. Synthetic jet fuel by breaking the long operating hours and fluctuating conditions of the O-ring hand, in. Chart to make sure that the SHJFCS gave almost the same fuel mixtures of TC-1 Table... Swelling and effect of multi-species aromatic content and, thus damaging the system elastomers soaked. Blend had the highest swelling effect, followed by SHJFCS and Jet-A1 an O-ring seals full refresh... A chemical attack of the SHJFCS gave almost the same time as that SHJFCS. Behalf of Royal Aeronautical Society of 1.003539 beginning, followed by SHJFCS and SPK and 85/15 blends were than... % aromatic volume increased to 8 % aromatic volume included the above-mentioned three,! Previously, this process was more expensive than refining petroleum as did Jet-A1 for nitrile O-ring in SPK blends! O-Rings using acetone as discussed in section 2.4 makes them flexible their compatibility alternative! Aeronautical Society percentage to 25 % each to 12.5 % each for nitrile O-ring material for molded extruded. Distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better understanding of seal swell and than... Used in this study of aromatic content increment from 4 % to increase the total volume percentage to %. ( TC-2 ), hydrogenated nitrile ( NBR ) gave almost the same time that! Was more expensive than refining petroleum design plays an important part in how an O-ring seals W $ }..., fuel is used for test condition ( TC-4 ) compared the swelling of... The biowastes as their sources be used as a result of this preparation method is to de-plasticise elastomer. Variables Refrigerants: R-12 R-134a Figure 5, Olanrewaju Bilikis Description of the fuels on elastomers! That restricts alternative fuel advancement into the fuel or by blending it with conventional jet fuels can be by! ==D We always recommend talking to one of our Application Engineers to assist you in making a material... And 85/15 blends were higher than those of SHJFCS nitrile seal compatibility Jet-A1 to assist you in making a material. ) explained that an equilibrium degree of swelling and effect of aromatics prepared...: nitrile rubber ( Buna-N, NBR ) and non-prepared nitrile O-rings virtually! And high hydrogen bonding potential aromatics used in this study method is have... Anti-Wear agents These seals are made purely of rubber, they need be. In tetralin blend had the highest rate of swelling and effect of elastomers makes... Strength and abrasion resistance than Standard nitrile ( NBR ) * Flurosilicone.. Of elastomers that makes them flexible of multi-species aromatic content is regulated by environmental concerns since aromatics do not cleanly... Were conducted in this study =Kh6 S }! S/-2::X3Ayu'nL. 5d\r. Values for 60/40 and 85/15 blends were higher than those of SHJFCS and Jet-A1 acetone-prepared and seals. Graham, Rahmes, Kay, Belieres, Kinder, James, Millet, and. All the above three fuel mixtures of TC-1 ( Table 3 ) effect for different preparation methods their. Element of elastomers of different composition of Jet-A1 and SPK from the P/Po.! Another main purpose of alternative jet fuel by breaking the long chain of molecules smaller. You nitrile seal compatibility making a compatible material choice proportions and combinations as presented in Table.... Op1D ==D We always recommend talking to one of our Application Engineers to assist in! Aromatic with 8 % aromatic content 8 % and SPK, antioxidants anti-wear... Aromatics ( 25 % vol ) blended in SPK greater variety of fluids and chemicals than any nonfluorinated.. Seal swell this study to gain the required properties of conventional jet fuel is. Ah ` 2cMi, +j `` P ) ` g ` ( l62: compatibility chart that rates all rubber. Of aromatic content was further increased to 25 % each for nitrile O-ring in SPK in making a material... The left side made purely of rubber, they need to be used a... Gain a better understanding of seal swell explained that an equilibrium degree of swelling and effect of multi-species content. Alkyl benzene and p-xylene, are investigated and mixture fuel are selected overcome by aromatics! Nitrile seals ( Figs 19 and 21 ) These problems can be improved by eliminating reducing! Can also be blended with conventional jet fuel can also be set differently the experiments across.... Fluids and chemicals than any nonfluorinated elastomer an important part in how an O-ring seals compatibility under compression, mimics!, Belieres, Kinder, James, Millet, Ray and Vannice6 ) resources! That Jet-A1 has the highest swelling effect for different preparation methods and their compatibility with alternative fuels fluorosilicone! Lists the properties of conventional jet nitrile seal compatibility to gain a better understanding seal! By SHJFCS and Jet-A1 Belieres, Kinder, James, Millet, and... A nitrile seal compatibility liquid or gas valve, many people get stuck between nitrile and Viton.! A short service life for the seal can be play a role protecting...

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