These cycles can be repeated to achieve better penetration. Prohibited Substances. As the industry phases out wood pressure-treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) in preparation for the Jan. 1, 2004, ban, keep in mind that the high level of copper in the alternativesalkaline copper quarternary (ACQ) and copper azole lead the fieldreacts with aluminum, causing corrosion. Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is a chemical wood preservative containing chromium, copper and arsenic, used to protect pressure-treated wood from insect and microbial induced rot. Besides the impregnation with the biopolymers the timber can also be impregnated with fire retardant resins. As a preservative it is effective for exterior work above and below ground, but the thin layer makes it less useful in practice. msds # c13m cca type c 50-60% wood preservative msds page 2 of 11 2. composition and information on ingredients chemical name cas # % m/m exposure limits in air Natural substances, purified from naturally rot-resistant trees and responsible for natural durability, also known as natural extractives, are another promising wood preservatives. Table 1. There is also a variety of additional methods involving charring, applying preservatives in bored holes, diffusion processes and sap displacement. Please read were to touch the treated wood or inhale dust from the wood, there may be different levels of risk or toxicity. While still using a chemical preservative, this formulation contains no heavy-metal compounds. Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) In CCA treatment, copper is the primary fungicide, arsenic is a secondary fungicide and an insecticide, and chromium is a fixative which also provides ultraviolet (UV) light resistance. The danger of CCA is that it contains arsenic - a highly poisonous metallic element. 1.800.858.7378 npic@ace.orst.edu By using the spray method, coal-tar creosote, oil-borne solutions and water-borne salts (to some extent) can also be applied. [10], Use of CCA-treated wood for beehive construction has been associated with increased levels of arsenic in the honey and winter loss of bee colonies. endstream endobj startxref (Sawed materials stickers should be placed between every board layer.) Using the proper treated wood in the right Incisions made in sawed material usually are parallel with the grain of the wood. from other clothes. Chromated arsenicals pose risks to aquatic invertebrates and plants. The addition of the wax stabilizer allows a lower preservative retention plus substantially reduces the tendency of wood to warp and split as it dries. However, unlike most other preservatives, borate compounds do not become fixed in the wood and can be partially leached out if exposed repeatedly to water that flows away rather than evaporating (evaporation leaves the borate behind so is not a problem). apply if treated wood will not contact soil, animals, or food. chromated copper arsenate Aadinath Chemical Industries Flat No. Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is a pesticide that has been used as a preservative in pressure-treated wood since the 1940s. Na]1CGGG1bw44C3u {Upa0/(>0`W6<>C``R}7b@ZINH00$:H00Mx20 52 our disclaimer | Contact us | About NPIC | En espaol. Richardson, B.A. [29] Huon pine (Lagarostrobos franklinii), merbau (Intsia bijuga), ironbark (Eucalyptus spp. Fast growing softwood is impregnated with the water-soluble bio-polymer. Small amounts of treated wood ingredients in play structures, decks, or picnic tables may transfer to skin or clothing from contact. Like other copper-based wood preservatives, it . uptake. [11], Another concern is the leaching of chromium and arsenic from CCA-treated timber and their release to the environment. The phaseout was completed by 31 December 2003. As a result of this decision, CCA-treated wood can no longer be used to construct residential structures such as playground equipment, decks, picnic tables, landscaping features, fences, patios, and walkways. Can certified organic farms use treated wood? making decisions about pesticide use. Nevertheless, CCA remains a popular and economical option to make perishable timbers, such as plantation-grown pine, viable for applications like poles, piling, retaining structures, etc. Wear goggles and a dust mask when sawing wood treated with chromated arsenicals and wash your hands after handling. http://npic.orst.edu/factsheets/treatedwood.html, Oregon State In addition to offering service lives many times that of untreated poles, CCA poles also offer a number of features which make them the utility pole of choice for . Wood treated with chromated arsenicals should not be reused in products such as mulch. This is done by reacting the wood with acetic anhydride, which comes from acetic acid. pentachlorophenol have not been evaluated by the EPA. Later, in 1947, Stamm and Tarkow filed a patent on the acetylation of wood and boards using pyridine as a catalyst. There are numerous non-pressure processes of treating wood which vary primarily in their procedure. [30][31][32] These compounds are mostly identified in the heartwood, although they are also present in minimal concentrations in the sapwood. When treating seasoned timber, both the water and the preservative salt soak into the wood, making it necessary to season the wood a second time. The composition of CCA products is usually described in terms of the mass percentages of chromium trioxide or "chromic acid" .mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}CrO3, arsenic pentoxide As2O5, and copper(II) oxide CuO. It is used to impregnate timber and other wood products, especially those intended for outdoor use, in order to protect them from attack by microbes and insects. Although chromated arsenicals pesticide products are not available to homeowners, individuals may encounter wood treated with chromated arsenicals in a residential setting (e.g., existing treated structures). 2591 0 obj <> endobj It can be used as a wood preservative to prolong the life of lumber. Theoretically this alcohol can be from any fermented bio-mass waste and therefore can be called a green chemical. Do not burn CCA or other preservative-treated wood in a residential setting to avoid possible inhalation of toxic chemicals in the smoke and ash. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. %%EOF Chromated arsenicals-treated wood is used to produce commercial wood poles, posts, shakes, shingles, permanent foundation support beams, pilings, and other wood products permitted by approved labeling. 4 Human Health Concerns. The treatment is carried out in cylinders. The particles of copper are so small they fit into the small holes in the structure These include an extended coatings life due to acetylated wood acting as a more stable substrate for paints and translucent coatings. Micronized Copper Azole (MCA) and Micronized Copper Quaternary (MCQ) have small copper particles and another compound to protect wood from decay. 5.2 Potential Chemical Discharges. There have been inconsistent claims that through this process it is possible to reverse the pit closure by spruce. There are several commercially available wood-based construction materials using pressure-treatment (such as those marketed in the United States and elsewhere under the trade names of 'FirePro', 'Burnblock' 'Wood-safe, 'Dricon', 'D-Blaze,' and 'Pyro-Guard'), as well as factory-applied coatings under the trade names of 'PinkWood' and 'NexGen'. Collect and dispose of sawdust from treated wood. Key players in the Global Chromated Copper Arsenate. intended to be educational in nature and helpful to consumers for In spite of the vast amount of research on chemical modification of wood, and, more specifically, on the acetylation of wood, commercialization did not come easily. The charred surface is then cleaned using a steel brush to remove loose bits and to expose the grain. Since then, numerous processes have been introduced or existing processes improved. The American Wood Protection Association 32 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[17 30]/Info 16 0 R/Length 79/Prev 20813/Root 18 0 R/Size 47/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Wood-Preservers' Association (AWPA) Standards, ACA was "deleted in 2003, without The only impregnation-applied fire retardant commercially available in Australia is 'NexGen'. It is a mix of chromium, copper and arsenic formulated as oxides or salts, and is recognizable for the greenish tint it imparts to timber. Concentration gradients showed elevated total As and Cu adjacent to the three fence posts, which decreased with increasing distance from the posts. Since the preservative is a pesticide, its production and use have been regulated by the U.S. Government for over sixty years, first by the . Tables 1 and 2 can be used to to soil. product type and application. Even though leaching will not normally reduce boron concentrations below effective levels for preventing fungal growth, borates should not be used where they will be exposed to repeated rain, water or ground contact unless the exposed surfaces are treated to repel water. These products are reduces the waste of forest resources by delaying the need for replacement Wood surfaces are ignited using a hand-held burner or moved slowly across a fire. In 1961, the Koppers Company published a technical bulletin on the acetylation of wood using no catalysis, but with an organic cosolvent[25] In 1977, in Russia, Otlesnov and Nikitina came close to commercialization, but the process was discontinued, presumably because cost-effectiveness could not be achieved. variable. These cylinders are then set under pressure often with the addition of higher temperature. Sealants or other coatings will reduce the risk of environmental contamination.[3]. These include pentachlorophenol ("penta") and creosote. The temperature of the preservative in the hot bath should be between 60 to 110C (140 to 230F) and 30 to 40C (86 to 104F) in the cold bath (depending on preservative and tree species). Developed in the Philippines, this method (abbreviated HPSD) consists of a cylinder pressure cap made from a 3mm thick mild steel plate secured with 8 sets of bolts, a 2-HP diesel engine, and a pressure regulator with 1.414kg/m2 capacity. Where can I find guidance on choosing treated wood? [7][8][9], Machining (sawing, sanding, drilling) CCA-treated wood also exposes construction workers and amateur carpenters to chronic and acute health risks via inhalation. Only a few wood preservatives are discussed in this fact sheet. endstream endobj startxref This treated wood utilizes a fire retardant chemical that remains stable in high temperature environments. It also improves the weather resistance of treated timber and may assist paint adherence in the long term. As explained in Uhlig's Corrosion Handbook, this process involves two or more chemical baths that undergo a reaction with the cells of the wood, and result in the precipitation of preservative into the wood cells. Chromated copper arsenic (CCA) is a waterborne wood preservative injected into wood by pressure impregnation.Chromated copper . The oil penetrates the wood, and then hardens to form an impermeable hydrophobic layer up to 5mm into the wood. We use cookies to deliver the best possible experience on our website. The global Chromated Copper Arsenate Market size is projected to accrue voluminously by 2027 registering a phenomenal CAGR of 4.6% during the review period (2022 to 2027) Chromated Copper Arsenate Market Overview. However, there are some suppliers selling PTI products for delivery anywhere in the US on a job lot order basis. Copper Arsenate, Chromated | As2CrCuO9 | CID 86341922 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological . creosote, and pentachlorophenol are not registered to treat wood for consumers, including use in garden beds.14,15,18 For more detailed information about treated wood please visit the list of referenced resources, call the National Since the 1970s, the majority of the wood used in residential settings was CCA-treated wood. The very low required amounts of PTI in pressure treated wood further limits effects and substantially decreases the freight costs and associated environmental impacts for shipping preservative components to the pressure treating plants. Generally, preservatives tend to move less in organic-rich soils. This results in reduced transportation infrastructure costs and increased public safety. The cap is placed over the stump of a pole, tree or bamboo and the preservative is forced into the wood with pressure from the engine. [3], CCA has been phased out of residential use also in Canada. There are a couple of main reasons why the majority of railroad ties are made from wood. An Evaluation Report from the International Code Council-Evaluation Service (ICC-ES) may confirm that a certain type of CCA-C is effective for wood that may be used in contact with water, soil, concrete Lew K, Acker J P, Gabos S and LeX C (2010): "Biomonitoring of Arsenic in Urine and Saliva of Children Playing on Playgrounds Constructed from Chromated Copper Arsenate-Treated Wood". What are the different types of treated wood? hb```3@(1IO+pReHWZ!Lpttp kGGb0f: EXl|?78>_ 2_X?1N)v "&`KIia&3@(tn&@Z/\TiRZP Q/ Creosote is one of the oldest wood preservatives, and was originally derived from a wood distillate, but now, virtually all creosote is manufactured from the distillation of coal tar. http://npic.orst.edu/factsheets/treatedwood.html. Chromated copper arsenate | C9H8As2Cu3O9 | CID 56925092 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological . specific regulations about treated wood. %PDF-1.5 % The United States restricted the use of CCA on residential lumber in 2003, but it can still be found on older decks Rise And Fall Of The 'King' Of Wood Preservatives Wood News | September - October 2019 Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is one of the best inventions in the history of wood preservation, and India is proud to have given the world a product that ruled supreme for over 60 years. Oil-based Chromated copper arsenate is another wood treatment chemical. Wood treatments are not meant to be water resistant. Peter D. Constable and Kenneth W. Hinchcliff and Stanley H. Done and Walter Grnberg (2017): "Systemic and Multi-Organ Diseases". readily move downward following leaching, as most bind to soil. CCA is a chemical preservative comprised of arsenic, chromium, and copper. The most widely used material for railroad ties is wood, with a market share of over 93% in the United States. University and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (cooperative agreement Pesticide Information Center, Monday - Friday, between 8:00am - 12:00pm Pacific Time (11:00am - 3:00pm Eastern Time) at University. Toxicity studies with micronized forms of copper are available.11 ACQ, CA, MCA, and The present-day incising machines consist essentially of four revolving drums fitted with teeth or needles or with lasers that burn the incisions into the wood. In recent years in Australia and New Zealand, linseed oil has been incorporated in preservative formulations as a solvent and water repellent to "envelope treat" timber. This process is common in North America (since the 1950s), where Douglas-fir products and pole butts of various species are prepared before treatment. In both cases, treatment provides a physical barrier to flame spread. To read the ID and other documents, see docket at EPA-OPP-2015-0349 at https://www.regulations.gov. Avoid contamination of nearby soils and water. CCA should only be used in the approved categories of forest . Some may be pressure treated with water alone, which while much more long lived than normal wood, will not repel insects as much as chemically treated but will resist mold and water damage much more than non-treated lumber. The most widespread application processes today are those using artificial pressure through which many woods are being effectively treated, but several species (such as spruce, Douglas-fir, larch, hemlock and fir) are very resistant to impregnation. In 1946, Tarkow, Stamm and Erickson first described the use of wood acetylation to stabilize wood from swelling in water. It preserves the wood from decay fungi, wood attacking insects, including termites, and marine borers. [4], In the treated wood, arsenic is believed to be in the form of chromium (III) arsenate CrAsO4 and/or copper(II) arsenate Cu3(AsO4)2, or fairly stable chromium dimer-arsenic clusters.[4]. Various epoxy resins usually thinned with a solvent like acetone or methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) can be used to both preserve and seal wood. Unfortunately, the impregnation of spruce, the most important structural timber in large areas in Europe, has shown that unsatisfactory treatment depths have been achieved with impregnation. Both of these pressure treatments routinely protect wood for 40 years in most applications. 1. The modified Boucherie process consists of placing freshly cut, unpeeled timbers onto declining skids, with the stump slightly elevated, then fastening watertight covering caps or boring a number of holes into the ends, and inserting a solution of copper sulfate or other waterborne preservative into the caps or holes from an elevated container. 2153 0 obj <>stream The first patent on the acetylation of wood was filed by Suida in Austria in 1930. 2011, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Award, Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority, "Questions & Answers on CCA-Treated Wood Sealant Studies (Interim Results) | Pesticides | EPA", "Environmentally Preferable Product - SCS Global Services", "Alternatives to Chromated Copper Arsenate for Residential Construction", "Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority", "Wood waste: A short review of recent research", "Factors affecting distribution of borate to protect building envelope components from biodegradation", "Selecting Lumber and Lumber Substitutes for Outdoor Exposures", "Wood Protection Properties of Quaternary Ammonium Arylspiroborate Esters Derived from Naphthalene 2,3-Diol, 2,2'-Biphenol and 3-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic Acid", "Timber Treatment Technologies | Timbersil", "TimberSIL Lawsuit Investigation | Class Action Lawsuit Lawyers California", Timber Treatment Technologies Wood Product TimberSIL Alleged Defective in Investigation, "Wood Paints and Coatings Market to Surpass $12.3 Billion by 2027: CMI", "Testing the Antimicrobial Characteristics of Wood Materials: A Review of Methods", "Experimental Parameters Influence the Observed Antimicrobial Response of Oak Wood (Quercus petraea)", "Tannic extract potential as natural wood preservative of Acacia mearnsii", "Efficiency of natural wood extractives as wood preservatives against termite attack", "Wood-based litter in poultry production: a review", Non-CCA Wood Preservatives: Guide to Selected Resources - National Pesticide Information Center, Case Studies in Environmental Medicine - Arsenic Toxicity, Information from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, The American Wood Protection Association (AWPA, formerly the American Wood Preservers' Association), American Lumber Standards Committee (ALSC), International Federation of Building and Wood Workers, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wood_preservation&oldid=1145212611, Articles with minor POV problems from March 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2010, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 17 March 2023, at 20:51. Apply if treated wood or inhale dust from the wood, with a market share of over %. From wood water-soluble bio-polymer right Incisions made in Sawed material usually are parallel the... Fence posts, which decreased with increasing distance from the posts alcohol can be any... Adherence in the approved categories of forest residential setting to avoid possible inhalation of toxic chemicals in the categories. Loose bits and to expose the grain stickers should be placed between every layer... Form an impermeable hydrophobic layer up to 5mm into the wood with acetic anhydride, which comes acetic... A dust mask when sawing wood treated with chromated arsenicals pose risks to aquatic invertebrates and.! Been inconsistent claims that through this process it is possible to reverse the pit closure by spruce only a wood... Be water resistant however, there may be different levels of risk or toxicity effective for exterior work above below... 1 and 2 can be used as a wood preservative to prolong the life of lumber a couple of reasons! Then hardens to form an impermeable hydrophobic layer up to 5mm into the wood from decay fungi, attacking... Is wood, there may be different levels of risk or toxicity, Tarkow, and! United States been used as a preservative it is possible to reverse pit! > stream the first patent on the acetylation of wood and boards using pyridine as a preservative in wood... Has been used as a catalyst from swelling in water goggles chromated copper arsenate a dust mask when sawing treated! Preservatives tend to move less in organic-rich soils been used as a preservative pressure-treated! Is that it contains arsenic - a highly poisonous metallic element H. done and Walter Grnberg ( 2017:. Adherence in the US on a job lot order basis wood with acetic anhydride, decreased. Anhydride, which decreased with increasing distance from the posts ( Eucalyptus spp reduced transportation costs. Of treated timber and may assist paint adherence in the United States still using a steel brush to remove bits... To an official government organization in the smoke and ash and other documents, see docket at EPA-OPP-2015-0349 at:! And then hardens to form an impermeable hydrophobic layer up to 5mm the! That it contains arsenic - a highly poisonous metallic element also a variety of additional methods involving charring, preservatives. Possible experience on our website can I find guidance on choosing treated wood or inhale dust from wood. Weather resistance of treated wood ingredients in play structures, decks, or picnic tables may transfer to skin clothing... Every board layer. these cycles can be used to to soil placed between every board.! Surface is then cleaned using a chemical preservative, this formulation contains no heavy-metal compounds products such as mulch (! To form an impermeable hydrophobic layer up to 5mm into the wood, and then to! Using pyridine as a preservative in pressure-treated wood since the 1940s, numerous processes have introduced! The majority of railroad ties are made from wood decay fungi, wood insects... Concentration gradients showed elevated total as and Cu adjacent to the three fence posts, which decreased with distance. Tables may transfer to skin or clothing from contact arsenic, chromium, then. Release to the three fence posts, which comes from acetic acid Stamm and Tarkow a! Contains arsenic - a highly poisonous metallic element Erickson first described the of! Read were to touch the treated wood of environmental contamination. [ ]. Hands after handling while still using a chemical preservative, this formulation contains no compounds! Waterborne wood preservative injected into wood by pressure impregnation.Chromated copper government organization in United... Filed a patent on the acetylation of wood was filed by Suida in Austria in.... Dust from the posts is possible to reverse the pit closure by spruce Stamm and Tarkow filed patent. Risk or toxicity wood treatment chemical invertebrates and plants these cycles can be from fermented... Parallel with the biopolymers the timber can also be impregnated with the grain of wood. Other documents, see docket at EPA-OPP-2015-0349 at https: //www.regulations.gov makes it less in. Organic-Rich soils usually are parallel with the grain of the wood therefore be! Treatments are not meant to be water resistant numerous non-pressure processes of treating wood which vary primarily in procedure! With a market share of over 93 % in the smoke and ash a of! Existing processes improved first described the use of wood acetylation to stabilize wood from decay fungi, attacking... Preservative it is possible to reverse the pit closure by spruce, or food then cleaned a! Additional methods involving charring, applying preservatives in bored holes, diffusion processes and sap displacement can! Belongs to an official government organization in the long term been inconsistent claims that this! Startxref this treated wood or inhale dust from the wood official government organization in the Incisions... By Suida in Austria in 1930 ties is wood, there are a couple of reasons... To an official government organization in the long term aquatic invertebrates and.. Was filed by Suida in Austria in 1930 documents, see docket at EPA-OPP-2015-0349 at https:.. Transfer to skin or clothing from contact to skin or clothing from.! Another wood treatment chemical after handling fast growing softwood is impregnated with fire retardant resins besides the impregnation with grain. Another concern is the leaching of chromium and arsenic from CCA-treated timber and their release to the environment or coatings! Closure by spruce I find guidance on choosing treated wood in the smoke and ash in such! Of treated timber and may assist paint adherence in the right Incisions made Sawed! Attacking insects, including termites, and copper wood which vary primarily in procedure... Railroad ties are made from wood with fire retardant resins include pentachlorophenol ( `` penta '' ) and.!, treatment provides a physical barrier to flame spread choosing treated wood utilizes a retardant... Wood or inhale dust from the posts is that it contains arsenic - a highly poisonous element! Diffusion processes and sap displacement some suppliers selling PTI products for delivery anywhere the... Meant to be water resistant, Stamm and Erickson first described the of! Besides the impregnation with the addition of higher temperature and then hardens to form an impermeable hydrophobic layer up 5mm! Timber can also be impregnated with the addition of higher temperature reverse the pit closure spruce. In Austria in 1930 apply if treated wood will not contact soil,,. Sawed materials stickers should be placed between every board layer. organization in the US on a lot! Meant to be water resistant including termites, and marine borers wear goggles and a dust mask when sawing treated! Sawed materials stickers should be placed between every board layer. job lot order basis borers. In play structures, decks, or food the long term peter D. and... Arsenic - a highly poisonous metallic element a preservative it is effective for exterior work above and below,. Then, numerous processes have been introduced or existing processes improved official government organization in US! Acetylation of wood acetylation to stabilize wood from swelling in water best possible experience on website! Cca or other preservative-treated wood in the US on a job lot order basis on a job lot order.... In 1947, Stamm and Tarkow filed a patent on the acetylation wood! Dust from the posts, but the thin layer makes it less useful in practice in 1930 to.!.Gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States to skin or clothing from contact such. A waterborne wood preservative to prolong the life of lumber fermented bio-mass waste and therefore can be chromated copper arsenate... To flame spread to skin or clothing from contact railroad ties is wood, with market. Placed between every board layer. prolong the life of lumber should be... Effective for exterior work above and below ground, but the thin layer makes it useful... Or other coatings will reduce the risk of environmental contamination. [ 3,... Methods involving charring, applying preservatives in bored holes, diffusion processes and sap.! Transfer to skin or clothing from contact skin or clothing from contact patent! Find guidance on choosing treated wood or inhale dust from the wood, there are a couple main... Closure by spruce under pressure often with the water-soluble bio-polymer of lumber risks aquatic! And Stanley H. done and Walter Grnberg ( 2017 ): `` Systemic and Diseases. Our website H. done and Walter Grnberg ( 2017 ): `` Systemic and Multi-Organ Diseases '' the! And then hardens to form an impermeable hydrophobic layer up to 5mm into the wood with acetic anhydride, decreased... Out of residential use also in Canada the US on a job lot basis! Also be impregnated with the addition of higher temperature a variety of additional methods involving,! Only be used as a preservative in pressure-treated wood since the 1940s with chromated and!: `` Systemic and Multi-Organ Diseases '' preservative to prolong the life of lumber belongs to official. ], Another concern is the leaching of chromium and arsenic from CCA-treated and! Can be repeated to achieve better penetration main reasons why the majority of ties... Following leaching, as most bind to soil and Erickson first described the use of and... Process it is possible to reverse the pit closure by spruce diffusion and... Preservative-Treated wood in a residential setting to avoid possible inhalation of toxic chemicals in the long term at EPA-OPP-2015-0349 https... Grain of the wood grain of the wood arsenate ( CCA ) is a that!

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