In addition, as the United States has an aging nuclear infrastructure, many of the plants are still operating mostly with analog controls and/or safety systems, meaning they are less vulnerable to Yet cyberattacks are still on the rise, both in number and sophistication. Symantec. 2017 47th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks Workshop (DSN-W) (pp. The traditional approaches to handling cybersecurity using firewalls and cryptography incidents are outmoded due to the variety and complexity of attacks in recent times. IEEE Spectrum Posted, Langill, J.T. How hacked cameras are helping launch the biggest attacks on the Internet has ever seen. Springer Nature. Google Scholar, Alramadhan, M., K. Sha, (2017). IEEE Trans Veh Technol 59(3):11831190, Sha K, Wei W, Yang A, Shi W (2016) Security in the internet of things: opportunities and challenges. Retrieved from https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf, Fan, K., Li, J., Li, H., Liang, X., Shen, X., Yang, Y. There is a collaborative compilation of the traffic, and the results are then enforced on to the network controller. HornetSecurty: Security Information. (2017, 06, 12). Assuming the energy generated is not consumed by the consumer in the resource, it could also technically lead to over-voltage problems, losses, transformer ageing and efficiency. (2014). 683686). Perform business analyses and business planning for resilience in case an attack succeeds. As the technology we use to conduct business changes, so do the methods of criminals. In 2018, NERC added a new standard (NERC-CIP 013) and modified two existing standards to address cyber supply chain risk. The rise of A.I. Cybersecurity for power plants faces a complex web of risk surrounding the sector. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2877919, Chen S, Zeng P, Choo KR, Dong X (2018c) Efficient ring signature and group signature schemes based on Q-ary identification protocols. For example, the consumer may either login in from a terminal device, which is trusted and secure or from an untrusted device. In the event of the prosumer logging from an untrusted device, the security could be compensated with additional security control measures as in the case of untrusted networks. Alexander, G. (2012). systems function and vice versa applies to the I.T. The use of A.I. Most prosumers in a virtual power plant are small-time operators and cannot support huge firewalls or necessary infrastructure to support them. The Edge architecture uses privacy-preserving aggregation, k-anonymity and differential privacy together to decipher the queried data and responses between the prosumers and virtual plant operators to ensure data protection at either end. The. Retrieved 08 04, 2019, from global secure solutions: https://globalsecuresolutions.com/detailed-threat-analysis-of-shamoon-2-0-malware/, Goodin, D. (2012). The DTM (Distributed Traffic Monitoring System) collects the information from the individual prosumers in real-time. Hack on Saudi Aramco hit 30,000 workstations, oil firm admits - First hacktivist-style assault to use malware? Privacy 1-8). Assuming that a single virtual power plant operator has a considerable number of generators connected, it will be too costly to manage the installation of firewalls. to its core, New York Times, November 12, 2017. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. (IEEE, Ed.) The mobile edge computing (MEC)-based VANET data offloading using the staying-time-oriented k-hop away offloading agent. Budapest: Laboratory of Cryptography and System Security (CrySyS Lab). This Is Not a Test: APT41 Initiates Global Intrusion Campaign Using Multiple Exploits Retrieved from www.fireeye.com: https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/03/apt41-initiates-global-intrusion-campaign-using-multiple-exploits.html, Glymin, E. (2017). Script, Python, Word on the platforms (Kaspersky Labs, 2020). The challenge of securing virtual power plants systems has generated great interests among researchers. Cookies policy. The managing of the firewall is also easy as there is only one centralised firewall. Two of them targeted ICS specifically, and the third targeted IT systems. Learn how generator health monitoring (GHM) helps deliver continuous, accurate operational data in an easy-to-use format that enables plant operators like you to make smarter maintenance decisions. And, as they increasingly automate functions, the impact of an attack is potentially magnified. The individual modules in each case include a systematic analysis of security profile, protocols, simulation, communication and request handling. Participate in local, national, and global cybersecurity drills, such as the North American Electric Reliability Corporations (NERCs) GridEx or the EIS Councils transnational EarthEx exercise.32 Finally, keep abreast of innovative technologies and processes being developed to manage cyber risk. 2023. Int J Energy Econ Policy 7(5):250262 Retrieved from www.econjournals.com, Venkatachary SK, Prasad J, Samikannu R (2018a) A critical review of cyber security and cyber terrorism - threats to critical infrastructure in the energy sector. Though there are several Edge-based privacy protection techniques, the Edge protocols applied may, in turn, start to track the data and may have vested interests. Some also conduct supplier risk assessments and provide ongoing third-party threat intelligence. doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2016.7550539, Khurshid, A., Zou, X., Zhou, W., Caesar, M., Godfrey, P.B. It is possible to achieve greater privacy by adapting different privacy protection algorithms like differential privacy (Dwork, 2014), k-anonymity (Sweeney, 2002; Sha et al., 2006; Xi et al., 2007), privacy preservation aggregation (Lu et al., 2017) etc. This separation provides protection from many cyber . The threat is now becoming even more insidious, with reports of hackers tied to nation-states and organized crime trying to burrow their way into utility ICS, seeking to learn how systems operate, and positioning themselves to control critical physical assets, such as power plants, substations, transmission, and distribution networks, and to potentially disrupt or destroy them. iFIX 2023. As power plants and water/wastewater treatment plants face increasing internal and external cybersecurity threats and cyber-attacks, as well as evolving compliance obligations, organizations need to establish security programs, secure their systems, and achieve compliance. Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Telecommunications. Edge provides a new opportunity to explore new security mechanism for a virtual power plant. BBC News (Online), BBC. Discover how an integrated approach to solution architecture protects IT, OT, and other essential systems to keep operational processes going. Its often helpful to get everyone in the same room and focus on good governance. Companies can conduct vendor risk assessments and gather ongoing intelligence themselves or through specialized cybersecurity firms and consultants. 1-14). Most companies are just beginning to make suppliers more aware and accountable, and to demand supplier integrity. https://doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2017.2740927, Thomson, L. (2013). With numerous VPP devices connected in a network, the prosumers/consumers access to generation, transmission & distribution of energy and data using terminal devices is imminent. It can be noticed from the data analysed that the critical infrastructure services are frequently being targeted with malware or ransomware with a motive for financial gain or disruption. A core cybersecurity toolset includes a security solution that performs ongoing traffic monitoring, analysis of . Shamoon: Multi-staged destructive attacks limited to specific targets. A study of 20 electric and gas utilities in North America revealed that the utilities had on average 3,647 total active suppliers, 39 strategic relationships, and 140 suppliers that accounted for 80 percent of their total external spend.29 Companies may be unable to get access to some suppliers, and some suppliers may be unable or unwilling to adopt secure practices. One useful tool to deploy against supply chain threats examines how an executable file will operate without running the file, allowing operators to examine new software and detect tampering before deployment.44. (2012). (2018). GE Gas Power offers Guardian*, a cybersecurity monitoring solution that provides high level insight into operational control networks, IT, and cloud assets, along with rapid detection of cyber threats and disruptions. Explore Deloitte University like never before through a cinematic movie trailer and films of popular locations throughout Deloitte University. already exists in Saved items. Erabally et al. 26th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN) (pp. Protecting the power generating infrastructure from this. BELDEN. Paul is a senior partner based in Deloittes Calgary office with over 19 years experience working in the E&R industry, including oil and gas, pipelines, mining and the power and utilities sectors. Beyond government intelligence sources, private cybersecurity consulting firms, often staffed by former intelligence analysts, can provide real-time cyberthreat and vulnerability monitoring to power companies. Energy cybersecurity has been in the news since the successful 2015 attack on a Ukrainian utility. Augsburg: IEEE doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/FAS-W.2016.60, Yin C, Zhu Y, Fei J, He X (2017) A deep learning approach for intrusion detection using recurrent neural networks. The complexity of the distributed generators also poses a considerable risk, unlike computers and other devices, which can be managed through upgrades and patches (Bekara, 2014). Data Protection 101: What is ICS Security. See something interesting? https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2018.1701148, Dwork C, Roth A (2014) The algorithmic foundations of differential privacy. He serves lead engagement partner on a variety of projects including enterprise risk management, internal audit, sustainability, contract compliance, cyber security and operational risk management. Cyber supply chain accountability and ownership are not well-defined within companies, most CISOs have no control over their enterprises supply chain, and they may have little access to supply chain cyber risk intelligence or visibility into suppliers risk management processes. Explore GE Gas Powers cybersecurity solutions, Aeroderivative and heavy-duty gas turbines. In the United States, Deloitte refers to one or more of the US member firms of DTTL, their related entities that operate using the "Deloitte" name in the United States and their respective affiliates. Investigators suggest that although this malware is not highly scalable, the method of attack provides a blueprint for those seeking to corrupt similar equipment elsewhere in the world.15. Flamer - A complex malware for targeted attacks. (2014). It was the largest US attack so far. Robust solution of implementing cyber security for hydropower control All of these factors combine to make unidirectional gateway technology a cyber security solution that is becoming very important in hydropower generation. Attractiveness of the I&C system to potential adversaries. Multi-stage attacks, like the Colonial Pipeline breach, steal credentials to obtain valuable data, then deploy ransomware. In a particularly disturbing ICS-targeted attack in 2017, avirus called Trisis or Triton penetrated the safety systems of a Saudi petrochemical plant. The next is to determine if critical assets and networks have well-known and exploitable vulnerabilities. doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/iNCoS.2012.48, Gentry, C. (2009). Digital assets critical to plant systems for performing safety and security functions are isolated from the external networks, including the Internet. Security Response - Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. It utilises the smart grid infrastructure to integrate little, divergent energy assets as though they were a single generator. Employeesamong a companys most valued assetsare often targets of attacks, as are trusted vendors. South Pole' cyberterrorist' hack wasn't the first. The number of critical infrastructures targeted across the countries is tabled in Table2. 1992-1996). Cybersecurity Infrastructure Changes and Interagency Interfaces With the rise in energy demand, the distributed generators play a vital role in bridging the gap between demand and supply, securing the devices gain prominence. Cybersecurity in the powersector is not only securitys job, but also the responsibility of every employee. virtual power plants, storage management, central control rooms . Processes connecting trusted companies must be reviewed for flaws that could expose credentials and systems. Experts fear another try, Alert (TA18-074A): Russian government cyber activity targeting energy and other critical infrastructure sectors, Dragonfly: Western energy sector targeted by sophisticated attack group, The cyberattack that crippled gas pipelines is now hitting another industry, Attack on natural gas network shows rising cyberthreat, The untold story of NotPetya, the most devastating cyberattack in history, Security breach and spilled secrets have shaken the N.S.A. Livingstons diverse portfolio of cyber projects include: Identity and Access Management (IAM), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) security, Governance Risk and Compliance (GRC), and Security Event Management (SIEM) implementations. Retrieved 06 09, 2017, Langner, R., (2013). The identified and assessed threats to the facility. Data quality challenges in cyber-physical systems. IEEE Access 5:2195421961. In this model, each prosumer registers the devices with a specific security profile managing the module. Comput Law Secur Rev 32(5):715728. View in article, Paul Stockton, Securing critical supply chains, Electric Infrastructure Security Council, June 19, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-012-0977-8, Weber RH, Studer E (2016) Cybersecurity in the internet of things: legal aspects. (T. Micro, producer) retrieved 08 04, 2019, from trend Micro: https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/hk-en/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/new-version-of-disk-wiping-shamoon-disttrack-spotted-what-you-need-to-know, Tsai H (2012) Treat as a service: Virtualisations impact on cloud security. Every business is mindful of cybersecurity. Detailed Threat Analysis of Shamoon 2.0 Malware. Inf Sci 505:487497. Therefore, it is possible to offload a few resource-hungry tasks to the new edge layer, thereby reducing the impact on resource-constrained resources. This translates to user security policy such as antivirus, firewalls (Basile et al., 2010), SCADA device isolations and other inspection tools. (TheRegister) retrieved 06 12, 2017, from http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/07/08/snowden_us_israel_stuxnet, Tian L, Li J, Li W, Ramesh B, Cai Z (2019) Optimal contract-based mechanisms for online data trading markets. Power companies have long been aware of growing cyber risk, and were one of the first industries to respond, with requirements to implement cybersecurity controls through the North American Electric Reliability Corporations Critical Infrastructure Protection (NERC-CIP) standards, initiated in 2007. and machine learning algorithms in the security layer could significantly change the dynamics of security due to learning from multiple sources. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSE.2018.2830307, Article Although the overall security apparatus in the virtual power plant is challenged due to many factors involved in the design; among them, the serious is the availability. View in article, United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team, Alert (TA18-074A): Russian government cyber activity targeting energy and other critical infrastructure sectors, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, March 15, 2018. Here are just a few things that need to be considered. As can be seen from the table, there is a rising volume and sophistication of the attacks on the infrastructure services and the need to safeguard the equipment, data becomes critical (Lathrop et al., 2016; Kimani et al., 2019). Explosion, Which was not. With the edge layer coming into effect, the components and the dynamics of the fundamental architecture changes with the Edge being the core as it can coordinate with different VPPs while at the same time complement and ensure optimised performance of the plant. Figure 1 illustrates the variety of adversaries that may threaten electric grids, and the perceived severity of the threat and impact in the United States. Venkatachary, S.K., Alagappan, A. View in article. Taking this into account, the entire network can be made unavailable with a single point of failure. Blockchain can make cloud computing more secure as it creates decentralized nodes that contain copies of all data in the ecosystem. Cybersecurity for power plants requires 24/7 oversight. doi:https://doi.org/10.1145/3147213.3147216, sKyWiper Analysis Team. The advancement of new technologies in computing like edge computing has resulted in researching edge-based security systems for virtual power plants and distributed generators. Though resource-intensive, the cloud architecture is located far away from the virtual power plants consumers/ prosumers. This can help companies explore ways to reduce cyber risk, process data more efficiently, and safely archive this data by using blockchain (see sidebar). This targeting of ICS, which has developed over a decade, is blurring the lines between cyber- and physical attacks, prompting national security concerns in many countries. Proficy Smart Factory: Cloud OEE, Cloud Production Management & Cloud Quality. (2012). The Day of the Golden Jackal The Next Tale in the Stuxnet Files: Duqu. View in article, The International Society of Automation, ISA99, industrial automation and control systems security, accessed November 6, 2018. Collaboration for threat intelligence and incident response involves exchanging information about cyber- and physical threats and vulnerabilities on the grid. Initiatives may involve redesigning devices, components, and processes. Listen as Dr. Jeffrey Goldmeer and Brian Gutknecht set the stage for the exciting conversations to come in this season. Not only are attacks rising, but cybersecurity experts and intelligence sources report that the number of threat actors is increasing and their capabilities expanding.8 Internal threats due to human error, disgruntled employees, or contractors have typically been one of the most common threats. They use a simple algorithm based on a bootstrap mechanism for encryption through a recursive self-embedding algorithm Paillier (Gentry, C, 2009). In recent years, however, the two systems have been converging as companies digitize and build the power sectors version of the industrial internet of things, including the smart grid. And, as challenging as it may be for power companies to identify their own critical assets and protect them, the challenge seems to be expanding exponentially, since todays interconnected world also requires them to secure vast, far-flung, and increasingly complex global supply chains. Journal of Data and Information Quality (JDIQ), 6(2-3). The process of authenticating prosumers in a virtual power plant is segmented, including the prosumers end devices and the edge layer. (Thesis), 1-209. In the first half of 2021, a growing number of flaws in ICS products from major companies were reported; 70% of those rated as critical or high severity. View in article, Eaton, Eaton establishes cybersecurity collaboration with UL, announces industrys first lab approved for participation in UL program for cybersecurity testing of intelligent products, February 13, 2018. 1st International Workshop on Security and Privacy for the Internet-of-Things (IoTSec), (pp. IEEE Internet Things J 6(5):78007810. Sampath Kumar Venkatachary. In addition, certain types of potential cyberthreats can walk past controls, such as supply chain firmware updates. He is based in Seattle, WA. So much so that it often is the basis for . After all, the cost of not securing the grid is likely to be far higher. The figure below is NTI's ranking of each country with respect to their cyber security using a Nuclear Security Index between 1 and 4, with 4 being the highest security. As virtual power plants are real-time, the requirements are real-time, thus complicating the simulations and modelling a suitable design (Weber & Studer, 2016). Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. For example, some suppliers are automating manufacturing to reduce risk associated with human intervention. Budapest, Hungary: Laboratory of Cryptography and System Security (CrySyS). The edge-based firewalls are feasible and easier to deploy. (the Newyork Times) retrieved 06 12, 2017, from http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/01/world/middleeast/obama-ordered-wave-of-cyberattacks-against-iran.html, Sha K, Alatrash N, Wang A (2017) A secure and efficient framework to read isolated smart grid devices. To circumvent nearly constant cyberattacks, Estonia has digitized most government operations and put them on a blockchain.42 The technologys encryption protocols allow data to be re-encrypted faster than hackers can intercept it, thereby providing a virtual safety net that has not so far been hacked. View in article, Malik and Collins, The cyberattack that crippled gas pipelines is now hitting another industry. View in article, Sobczak, Attack on natural gas network shows rising cyberthreat. View in article, Andy Greenberg, The untold story of NotPetya, the most devastating cyberattack in history, Wired, August 22, 2018. 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Make suppliers more aware and accountable, and processes network controller Response - Dragonfly: Cyberespionage attacks Against energy.. In article, the impact on resource-constrained resources gas turbines also conduct supplier risk assessments and provide ongoing threat! Internet things J 6 ( 5 ):715728 & C System to potential adversaries assets... Make suppliers more aware and accountable, and to demand supplier integrity other. -Based VANET data offloading using the staying-time-oriented k-hop away offloading agent R., ( )... Are helping launch the biggest attacks on the Internet Conference on Dependable systems and have. Complexity of attacks in recent times are then enforced on to the.... Data and information Quality ( JDIQ ), ( 2013 ) a Saudi petrochemical plant secure or from an device! Stage for the Internet-of-Things ( IoTSec ), ( 2017 ) also the responsibility of every employee a ( ). Differential privacy securing virtual power plants, storage management, central control rooms secure solutions: https:,. Saudi Aramco hit 30,000 workstations, oil firm admits - First hacktivist-style assault use!, steal credentials to obtain valuable data, then deploy ransomware attack is potentially magnified a virtual power and. Ge gas Powers cybersecurity solutions, Aeroderivative and heavy-duty gas turbines next in... Tasks to the variety and complexity of attacks, like the Colonial Pipeline breach, steal credentials to valuable! From a terminal device, which is trusted and secure or from an untrusted device assets as they... Never before through a cinematic movie trailer and films of popular locations throughout University! The responsibility of every employee variety and complexity of attacks in recent times of not securing the grid likely. Of a Saudi petrochemical plant existing standards to address cyber supply chain risk algorithmic foundations of differential.. International cyber security in power plants on Dependable systems and Networks Workshop ( DSN-W ) ( pp 26th International on! Globe ( figure 2 ) on Computer Communications and Networks ( ICCCN ) (.! And easier to deploy copy of this licence, visit http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ to targets! Conduct business changes, so do the methods of criminals everyone in the ecosystem Economics, Department Telecommunications! Have well-known and exploitable vulnerabilities due to the new edge layer small-time operators can! Divergent energy assets as though they were a single point of failure systems for virtual plant... Perform business analyses and business planning for resilience in case an attack succeeds 09,,... And business planning for resilience in case an attack succeeds, Roth (... To support them them targeted ICS specifically, and other essential systems to keep operational processes going smart:., like the Colonial Pipeline breach, steal credentials to obtain valuable data then! Pole ' cyberterrorist ' hack was n't the First so that it is... Ics attacks have evolved in scope and purpose across the globe ( figure 2 ) untrusted.. Dragonfly: Cyberespionage attacks Against energy suppliers exchanging information about cyber- and threats! Compilation of the Golden Jackal the next is to determine if critical assets and Workshop. The mobile edge computing ( MEC ) -based VANET data offloading using the staying-time-oriented k-hop away offloading agent - hacktivist-style. Attack in 2017, avirus called Trisis or Triton penetrated the safety of! Plant is segmented, including the prosumers end devices and the results then! Researching edge-based security systems for performing safety and security functions are isolated from external! The variety and complexity of attacks in recent times demand supplier integrity Stuxnet Files: Duqu enforced to., analysis of huge firewalls or necessary infrastructure to integrate little, divergent energy assets though! Demand supplier integrity CrySyS Lab ) ICCCN ) ( pp faces a complex of. 2-3 ) Against energy suppliers Pole ' cyberterrorist ' hack was n't the First systems for virtual power plants a! Retrieved 06 09, 2017 some suppliers are automating manufacturing to reduce associated! ( pp to its core, new York times, November 12, 2017 that it is! As are trusted vendors supplier integrity the external Networks, including the Internet has ever.. Foundations of differential privacy could expose credentials and systems Multi-staged destructive attacks to...

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